7 tips for dealing with a psycho boss

7 hints for managing a psycho chief Indeed, even as well as can be expected appear to be a dictator some of the time. Be that as it may, did you realize that a few managers are really maniacs? As per an Australian examination, 1 out of 5 corporate officials showed clinically psychopathic qualities. (For reference, the pace of mental cases, when all is said in done, is 1 out of each 100 individuals.) Whether your troublesome supervisor is insanely disposed or not, here are 7 techniques you can use to collapse likely awful manager circumstances. 1. Figure out what you’re managing with.Is your manager simply having a terrible day, or would he say he resembles this constantly? It is safe to say that she is managing different elements (pressure from above, representatives going missing, and so forth.) that are causing her to be extra hard on you? Or on the other hand would you say you are by and large excessively hard on her? Consider what might be causing the conduct. It probably won't legitimize it, or make the con duct any increasingly wonderful to manage, however everybody has an awful day. It’s imperative to consider whether this is genuinely your boss’s default method of working, or if it’s only an irregular problem.2. Get everything in writing.If your supervisor is a mayhem maker by requesting something, at that point asserting later that you were requested something totally unique, it’s your statement against theirs. Record what you can-for instance, in the event that you were given verbal directions, affirm in a brisk email just so everybody has a set up account of what was talked about/asked.3. Stop and take a breath.If you’re having a contention with your chief, hopping directly in with a warmed response could be something you’ll lament later. Pause for a moment, inhale, and consider your response. Once more, considering the â€Å"why† behind your boss’s conduct can likewise help keep you from responding from a position of unadul terated stress.4. Know and maintain a strategic distance from the triggers.Does your supervisor consistently go ballistic when somebody is late? Be extra aware of your appearance time. Tirade about grammatical mistakes in an email? Edit twice before you hit â€Å"send.† If there’s an example to Angry Boss’s conduct, it’s unquestionably to your greatest advantage to realize what that example is and figure out how to balance those triggers before they happen.5. Use correspondence strategies.This is a typical restorative technique for improving correspondence. Utilize undivided attention by rehashing back information exchanged, and requesting explanation if fundamental. Numerous contentions are because of individuals not feeling tuned in to or saw, so if your supervisor thinks you’re not tuning in, it can raise a conflict.6. Don’t let it wreck you.You have a vocation to do, and on the off chance that you let a harmful relationship with your sup ervisor influence your work and your conduct, that’s not going to support you. Do whatever it takes not to think about it literally or let it influence the nature of your work. On the off chance that you end up passing things over out of dissatisfaction with your chief, that can make your expert rep suffer.7. Heighten if necessary.If your organization has approaches to secretly air your interests to HR (or a comparable representative asset) and you feel like things are arriving at a limit, think about taking your issues to them. In the event that you fear going to work each day on account of the wretchedness that anticipates you for the following eight hours, that’s not a circumstance that’s bravo or your organization consider finding an inside (and unbiased) approach to raise the situation.We’ve all had a poisonous manager eventually in our professions. Now and then it shows signs of improvement, and now and again you simply need to proceed onward. In an y case, don’t let it ruin your expert life meanwhile.

Nuclear Weapons and Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 Books about Cheese

5 Books about Cheese In honor of National Cheese Day earlier this month, I’ve come up with a list of five non-fiction cheese books. Cheese has been an obsession throughout my life; the stinkier, the better. My nostalgia is for the cheeses of repute without names; I’ll never forget the amazing pungent cheese with a saint’s name that I had in northern France on July 11th, 2007. I have yet to identify what the cheese could be. Recently, with the aid of a kit, I’ve started making my own cheeses with nothing more than a few materials and a gallon of whole milk. In honor of the great world of cheese, here are the five books of note. I do want to note that most of the books are from a Western European/U.S. perspective; I would love to see books about cheese or dairy products elsewhere such as Cotija and Chihuahua from Mexico or even Butter Tea from Tibet. Cheese and Culture: A History of Cheese and Its Place in Western Culture by Paul Kindstedt This work provides a very broad history about cheese, starting with prehistoric times through the current day. It’s a bit broad but I do appreciate several insights that Kinstedt points out. Notably, he points out how cheesemaking for many centuries was the domain of women, using the milk to provide long term food for the family. However, in a pattern that repeats itself over and over, cheesemaking becomes male-dominated when the industry is recognized for its money making potential and mechanised. I see my own cheesemaking as part of this long standing female tradition. The Whole Fromage:  Adventures in the Delectable World of French Cheese by Kathe Lison The Whole Fromage Lisons work is a delightful series of essays about her travels throughout France. It really makes me want to pack up my bags and do my own cheese-themed road trip of France. One of the key themes of the book is this tension between old and new school ways of making cheese. Notably, she talks about the cheese war over the definition of Camembertâ€"can it be made with processed milk?  She also talks about how Roquefort, one of the first cheeses to get to coveted Appellation dOrigine Contrôlée (AOC) distinction, has benefited from every new innovation. The Cheese Chronicles: A Journey Through the Making and Selling of Cheese in America, From Field to Farm to Table by Liz Thorpe This work is a loving tribute to the U.S. cheese industry. Divided by types of cheese and process, Thorpe discusses the cheeses made by numerous farms throughout the U.S. If youre looking for a good overview of the U.S. cheesemakers, this work is for you. It’s practically a grocery list of cheeses you should try. Goat Song: A Seasonal Life, A Short History of Herding, and the Art of Making Cheese by Brad Kessler Goat Song Brad Kessler details how he and his wife, Dona, buy a house and land in rural Vermont and raise Nubian goats. It’s a man’s meditation on his relationship to his goats and the attempt to reconnect with the land. As an unapologetic city girl, even I was seduced by Kessler’s idyllic dream of raising goats and using their cheese for daily food. French Cheeses: The Visual Guide to More than 350 Cheeses from Every Region in France by Kazuko Masui and Tomoko Yamada French Cheeses To aid in my proposed cheese road trip of France, French Cheeses provides the visual map for my journey. Filled with photos and descriptions, this work is a comprehensive work to aid the reader in their quest for diverse cheeses. Sadly, I was not able to identify my cheese. Interested in more books about cheese and other food? I talk about Gordon Edgar’s two books about cheese in my post on Food History.   Or if you want to try something novel, check out this post about famous authors and their recipes. Personally, I want to try Tolstoy’s macaroni and cheese recipe!  

Black Americans From Working Or Middle Class Background

Similarly, in another research conducted by Nteta suggests that Black Americans from working or middle class background are most in support of anti-immigration policies (2013, pg.153). The research is quantitative and attempts to answer what motivates working class Black Americans to support anti-immigration policies through data collected by surveys. This data suggests that working class and middle class Black Americans are against immigration because they will have to compete with them in the job market and are likely to increase this sentiment during a time of economic recession (Nteta, 2013, pg. 154). However, it must be noted that simply being anti-immigration does not necessarily motivate violent acts. In the personal account I†¦show more content†¦7). Boundary work holds high stakes for individuals who participate in creating boundaries, they are often flexible and are socially constructed (Gieryn, 1999, pg.7). North American society engages in boundary work through the process of racialization. White supremacy dictates who the racialized ‘other’ is and distributes power, economic and social capital in relation to this racialization process (Perry, 2014, pg.76). This is done through constructing stereotypes which distinguish the racialized Other from white subjects are thus grounded in what are held to be the identifying features of racial minorities (Perry, 2014, pg. 76). They help to distance white from not-white. Here ‘white’ may be a metaphor for western or non- ‘Third-World-looking’, rather than a matter of skin pigmentation or other such phenotype (Perry, 2014, pg. 76). The latter are to be feared, ridiculed, and loathed for their difference as recognized in the popular psyche (Perry, 2014, pg. 76). Stereotypes are loaded with derogatory associations, suggesting inferiority, irresponsibility, immorality, and non-humanness (Perry, 2014, pg. 76). They provide both motive and rationale for injurious verbal and physical assaults on minority groups (Perry, 2014, pg. 76). Acting upon these interpretations allows dominant group members to recreate whiteness as superiority, while punishing the Other for their

Temperament - 721 Words

Temperament: behavioral styles that are fairly stable across situations and are biologically based Infant Temperament Thomas and Chess: Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas conducted pioneering longitudinal research on infant temperament. 3 patterns (based on parents reports) * easy babies (40%) adjust readily to new experiences, quickly established routines, and generally were cheerful in mood and easy to calm * difficult babies (10%) adjust to new experiences, likely to reac negatively and intensely to stimuli and events, and irregular in their bodily functions * slow-to-warm-up (15%) somewhat difficult at first but easier over time ***other infants don’t fit into these categories*** * Temperament is moderately†¦show more content†¦The infant also displays stranger anxiety and uses the caregiver as a secure base for exploration. * Avoidant attachment * Insecure attachment in which the infant shows little separation anxiety and does not pay much attention to the caregiver’s return. * Ambivalent (resistant) attachment: * Insecure attachment in which the infant shows separation protest but also distress upon the caregiver’s return. * Disorganized/disoriented attachment: * Infant-caregiver relations characterized by the infant’s fear of the caregiver, confused facial expressions, and a combination of avoidant and ambivalent attachmentShow MoreRelatedTemperament Style7042 Words   |  29 PagesThe Keirsey Temperament Sorter ® II Classic Temperament Report Report prepared for: CFM 3046 Tuesday, August 07, 2012 Keirsey Temperament Sorter-II Classic Temperament Report Copyright  © 2000-2010 Keirsey.com. All rights reserved. This report is based on Please Understand Me II by David W. Keirsey, PhD Copyright  © 1998 Prometheus Nemesis Book Company The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II Copyright 1998 Prometheus Nemesis Book Company. Keirsey Temperament Sorter, Guardian, Artisan, Idealist, andRead MoreThe Keirsey Temperament Sorter II1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Keirsey Temperament Sorter-II is an instrument to determine an individual’s personality traits. Each of us has different personalities. Those personalities that we acquired through our parents, guardians or that we learned ourselves. To understand another individual, we have to understand ourselves first. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter-II provides a better understanding for each temperament or characteristic of a person and how an individual interacts with other personality types. HavingRead MoreThe Four Temperaments Of The Keirsey Sorter1862 Words   |  8 PagesDescribe the four temperaments of the Keirsey Sorter The Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) is a self-assessed questionnaire that is intended to help people understand the personality of others and themselves. Embracing the ideas of ancient Greeks, Keirsey developed the Temperament Sorter. He was intrigued by the work Kretschmer and Sheldon in the late 1940s, which comprised of the study of the human physique and criminality (Kretschmer, 1970). Finally, Keirsey was introduced to the Myers-BriggsRead MoreKeirsey Temperament Sorter ( Kts )1166 Words   |  5 PagesKeirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS) is the best tool to use to describe an individual’s personality. According to Keirsey Temperament Website (n.d.), KTS is the most widely, useful tool to determine a dominant personality type based on the individual’s answers on a standardized questionnaire. The KTS is based on temperament theory of Dr. David Keirsey that has been translated into 18 different languages and currently being used by over 40 million people from all over the world (Keirsey Temperament WebsiteRead MoreBased on the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, my type of temperament was ISFJ. According to Kendra600 Words   |  3 PagesBased on the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, my type of temperament was ISFJ. According to Kendra Cherry this letters stand for introverted, sensing, feeling, and judging (n.d, para.1). Keirsey.com puts this four letters together and defines it as The Protectors which would be one of the 16 personality types. The protectors make about ten percent of the population and their â€Å"primary interest is in the safety and security of those they care about - their family, their circle of friends, their studentsRead MoreSpirt Controlled Temperament By Tim Lahaye Gets More In1323 Words   |  6 PagesControlled Temperament by Tim LaHaye gets more in to detail about your weakest temperament and your strongest temperament. There is twelve chapters all describing our temperaments. We all have a temperament, simple as that. We most likely get our temperament traits from our grandparents. Which is kind of scary for me, because my grandparents are crazy on both sides. But, through the grace of God our temperaments can change, and for me that is a true blessing. There are four temperaments types; sanguineRead MoreSex and Temperament1456 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropologist Margaret Mead addressed the differences in temperament found between men and women in her book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935). In this study she concluded that sex has no bearing on social traits and the temperament of an individual. Her research lo oked at whether masculine or feminine traits are innate or learned. She also questioned whether men and women differ because of nature (heredity) or nurture (socialization). She concludes that cultural conditioningRead MoreDiscipline that Encourages Moral Behavior Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesspanking is more effective because it teaches your child that you have fairly exhausted all other attempts at helping them to see their behavior is unacceptable. An important consideration when deciding on what type of discipline to use is a childs temperament. If a child lashes out with anger and aggression you are going to want to refrain from spanking because when you are trying to help teach a child control it is important to note that sometimes they model our behavior. If you spanking your childRead MoreInterpersonal Studies1663 Words   |  7 PagesMitchell (2016) seeks to discover how child-child similarity on temperament and attachment can act as predictors of interaction quality between previously unacquainted children. The purpose of this study was to add to current research and knowledge concerning the friend selection process of young children. This study’s observations increased the understanding of hemophilic selection of peer partners, as well as attachment and temperament research (McElwain et al., 2016). Overall, the study examinedRead MoreEmotional or Behavioral Disorders1715 Words   |  7 Pagesexample, prenatal exposure to recreational drugs can bequeath many types of disability, including EBD. Among the many biological factors that may be conducive to the origins of EBD is brain damage, brain dysfunction, malnutrition, allergies, or temperament. The second question of biological causes for EBD asks, what can be concluded about brain damage or dysfunction and EBD? The answer to this question lies in understanding the functions of the brain. An array of EBDs has been attributed to known

Tourism Marketing Analysis at Wrest Park Gardens Free Essays

Introduction Wrest Park is one of the most important Gardens in England. The natural landscape and statues was built during the late 18th century. Wrest Park’s formal gardens provide a fascinating history of gardening styles of 150 years old and inspired by the great gardens of Versailles in England. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism Marketing Analysis at Wrest Park Gardens or any similar topic only for you Order Now The gardens are overlooked by a stylish French-style 18th century mansion and contain amazing garden buildings. Visitors looking for an unusual day out will find Wrest Park a wonderful place to explore in the company of our audio tour. The main Theme in this Wrest part is should be implements are market segmentation, targeting and positioning and marketing communications including their Internet presence to capture park atmosphere to the people and improve the continuous visitor to the park for a day. Wrest park has following the different strategy to adopt the visitor Like Event program, Demonstration about the park and all so the beauty wrest park Tourism marketing communication In the Wrest Park the important aspect is the marketing mix is a traditional way to understand marketing garden in general. The marketing practitioners consider the Mix as the toolkit of operation of marketing segmentation, target and positioning and marketing communication for the operational planning in the park. The exact role for the Wrest Park to contribute the Mix to the success of commercial organizations is very limited; the several studies confirm that the 4Ps Mix is indeed the trusted conceptual platform of practitioners dealing with tactical/operational marketing issues. The marketing mix has been defined as a mixture of controllable marketing variables that the firm uses in order to pursue the marketing mix have been adapted by many scholars and marketing professional, also within the tourism industry, in a number of forms. Firms marketing strategies use marketing mix variables in order to plan an operational marketing plan are used in the wrest park in different aspects are segmenting the group of peoples and positioning the park according to their age group, Gender. The wrest park has the competitive environment with other parks that bring the Targeting in the Tourism Market. And the tourism marketing has the customer demands and competitors? strategies to capture the segmentation, Positioning and targeting the people for the park and changing The Traditional marketing P’s as product, place, and promotion. In the wrest park has the multisensory tourism marketing communication has use the term inter medial marketing to the people to understand the tourism market to have the interactive with the peoples in the around areas. The Wrest Park that provides the marketing to visitors is only part of the job. And the park service marketing must also incorporate internal marketing, Segment marketing and Target marketing. The resources should be allocated to communicating the park mission and values to all members of staff to ensure they share the philosophy of service excellence and visitor satisfaction. The national is the more successful regional parks, in particular, developing longer-term relationships between the key focus for marketing. Segment marketing programmers are increasingly being used by park to diversify from their traditional audiences. They are employing audience development and product diversification, building unpaid assistant and supporters to offering loyalty incentives and demonstrating their relevance to their communities through wider cultural, social and economic initiatives. Segmentation and targeting marketing relationship often overlap the park, particularly in the public sector form collaborative partnerships or to contract out some of their ancillary services. The park’s perspective this integrated and holistic marketing strategy approach should ensure that the park brand maintains its qualities, image and reputation; the park is best placed to achieve its mission, and above all, visitors receive a quality experience. Multiple senses in marketing through Segmentation, positioning and also target the tourism Marketing In the wrest park, are using to communicate with the public by the Marketing communication that also defined by the new media techniques as the Tourism Marketing for its procedures. With the help of tourism market communication the park association has providing the customers services and the consumer behavioral culture. The wrest park should have to fulfill the public perception of service quality and future behavioral, so the next time the peoples will have the intention to visit the park again, this bring the positioning for the tourism marketing. The wrest park have the different process of senses to depends on age, gender, cultural background and their Behavioral experience about the nature, that the peoples expect from the wrest park to provide to visitor to the wrest park, the that shows the Targeting the visitor in the tourism segment for the Wrest Park. In the Wrest Park Market segmentation are correctly using to understanding the needs of customers expectation, and Park authorities will decide between one offer and another. Between the customers who have shared their experience with the other peoples will be similar with their criteria. The Park should able to determine the groups of customers have been comfortable with their service should fully satisfy their need and wants of the customer. The primary objective of the park segmentation should have proper procedures and they should have the analytical aim to satisfy the customers. In the Wrest Park they should creates and maintains a product mix that specifically that fits the needs and preferences of the parks activities. The Wrest Park should have the proper marketing procedures that can be divided into segments that relate the contemporary and traditional. The Park should choose to target the entire customer expectation service and pricing strategy that should accepted by all the customers and also the Tourism visitor to the park. And the Park should have the target market segment for providing the service to the tourism peoples that gives the entire market popularity between the efficient tools for the park should have the promotion between the income and gaining the benefits to the wrest park authorities. The wrest park haves the greater market share between locals peoples and tourism peoples from other countries that gives the segmentation that the Wrest park has carefully directing the marketing plan that reaches to the right people and the right opportunities that park has to capture park visitor. The Park authorities should have the well planned resources that they can concentrated on their service and package that are offers the customers to visit again and again to the park. In the Wrest park there are marking the restoration of new facilities for the visitor in the formal gardens. The gardens have been completely lost or simplified to make them easier to maintain for the workers and also capturing t he marketing between the tourist visitors. And the park has Targeting the tourist visitor by providing the facilities like a new cafe, new shop and plant centre and a new play area for both young and older children. There will also be space to hold events and a new events programme is created there to targeting the different segment of Gender, Age and Size of the family and looking the Geography factor to attract the visitor for the park. In the park they are marketing the facilities to the new visitor for the Wrest park by showing the rooms will open and the house with new exhibitions telling the story of the de Grey family who lived at Wrest Park and how they created the gardens. Historical images are showing to Visitor and the rooms are well furnished and creating good atmosphere for the visitor that bring the Marketing about their product, quality and service to the tourism visitor. The Wrest Park has also opening the Countess’s Sitting Room and this will be the only furnished room in the mansion. Visitors will be able to enjoy the view through to the conservatory and the walled garden just as the Henrietta, Countess de Grey did. Outside, the garden buildings will also have interpretation and a new guidebook, family trail and audio guides are being created. There will also be a selection of activity backpacks for children to borrow with all sorts of games and activities to help them explore and learn about Wrest Park. Conclusion Thus the Wrest Park has the appropriate and effective segmentation, Targeting and positioning the marketing activities are likely to be mediocre at best. The tourism sector has traditionally lagged behind the Park in utilizing the concept of segmentation in marketing decision making, there is evidence to suggest that increasingly better market selection in the Wrest Park on the basis of resource allocations decisions are made for developing the Park strategic level according to current trends. The Wrest Park has too many destinations, attractions and tourism organizations, that they are using well, but outdated and unsophisticated segmentation bases to define their markets. The Park has clearly have an improvement on the traditional, simplistic segmentation bases and can provide more refined visitor profiles in the fact they were initially designed for servicing the visitor, that means they are doing their yield with multi-dimensional benefits of the tourism and Leisure values . Ultimately are decisions are taken in the park to segmenting the visitor market and they have eligible to employ will be dependent upon the scope of the destination’s market planning needs and resources and expertise. The Wrest Park should remember about the tourism to understanding and they should have the distinct and homogenous needs of different visitor that they based on their motivations and attitudes that will allow the destination or attraction to the visitor in the Wrest parks. The Wrest Park has most successful tourist destinations have undertaken a detailed segmentation, Targeting and positioning the analysis about the tourism marketing. The Park have the targeted those segments that closely matched their strengths before designing a value-added composite visitor experience the all aspects have been extended with marketing mix are integrated with the needs of the selected target segments of the Park visitors. REFERENCE 1. Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing and Introduction.Prentice Hall. 2. Baker, J., Grewal, D. and Parasuraman, A. (1994). The Influence of Store Environment on Quality Inferences and Store Image. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 3.Bitner, M. J. (1992), Services capes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, p. 57-71. 4. Bosmans, A. (2006). Scents and sensibility: When do (in) congruent ambient scents influence product evaluationsJournal of Marketing, Vol. 70(3): 32-43. 5. Coviello. N.E. et al. (2000). Investigation of marketing practice by firm size, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 15: 523-545 6. Davies, B. Ward, P. 2002. Managing Retail Consumption. Wiley : London EURO Rscg –tutkimus (2004). Viestinnan ilmiot Gronroos, C. (1994). 7. Shift in Marketing†, Management Decision 32/2, MCB University Press Gronroos, C. (2000). 8. Hirsch, A.R. (1995). Effects of Ambient Odors on Slot Machine Usage in a Las Vegas Casino, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 12 (7): 585-94. 9. Hoffman, K.D. and Turley, L.W. (2002). Atmospherics, service encounters and consumer decisions making. Vol. 10, Nr. 3, p. 33-46. 10. Kauppalehti. (2007) Matkamyynti menee nettiin, 14th May, 2007.Keillor, B.D., Hule, G., Tomas, M. and Kandemir, D. (2003). A study of the Service Encounter in Eight Countries, Journal of International Marketing, Vol. 12, Nr. 1: 9-35. 11. Kennedy, M. (2008). Brand Strategy. London: Jun 9, 2008:34 Kotler, P. (1984). Marketing Management: Investigation, Planning, and organize, Prentice-Hall 12. Kuutti, H. (2006). Uusi mediasanasto. Jyvaskyla: Atena kustannus Oy. 13. Lindstrom, M. Kotler, P. (2005). Brand senses build powerful brands through touch, Taste, smell, sight, and sound. New York: 14. Lindstrom, M. 2005. Brand Sense, Build Powerful Brands through Touch, Taste, Smell, Sight and Sound. Free Press. 15. Lindstrom, M. 2009. Buyology: Truth and Lies about Why We Buy. Arrow Books Ltd. How to cite Tourism Marketing Analysis at Wrest Park Gardens, Essay examples

Modal Verbs Usage in Modern English Fiction free essay sample

Some features of mood, such as hypothetical permission, are expressed in words that are calledmodals(M). The modals are listed here: will all may must can Historically, English modals came from a special class of verbs in Ger- manic, the ancestor of English and the other Germanic languages. Modals have always differed from ordinary verbs, to the point where they now belong to a special category of their own. Modals and verbs differ in the range of forms that Sentence: 4. 24: Fritz may get a promotion. they exhibit. English verbs appear in a number of distinct forms, whereas modals have a single, invariant form. For instance, modals never end in-s,even in sentences with third-person singular subjects. To include the modal in our grammar, we simply expand the rule for auxil- iary to account for tense markers (past and present) and modals, as shown: Aux? tense (M) M? will shall can may must With this modification to our rules, we can describe sentences such as 24: 24. Fritz may get a promotion. Analysis of this sentence is shown in the following tree diagram on the next page. A question that often arises in the analysis of expanded verb phrases is why the tense marker is placed in front of the verb rather than after. The past parti- ciple suffix -ed/-en, after all, comes at the end of a verb, not at the beginning. The answer is that there is no simple way to capture schematically the rela- tions among tense, modals, and verbs. Whenever a verb has a modal, the modal is tensed, not the verb. If our description put tense after the verb, we would solve nothing—we would still have the question of how tense jumps over the verb and attaches to the modal. The placement of tense at the head of the VP is a matter of convention; placing it elsewhere in the VP would not en- hance the description. What we learn here is that structural analyses are at best an approximate de- scription of the language we actually use. If we wanted to account for the fact that the past participle appears at the end of verbs, we would have to develop a special rule for attachment, which indeed is what linguists have done. Nevertheless, structural analyses reveal much about the nature of grammatical constructions. Tense and Its Complexities When we examine tense closely, it becomes apparent that the relation between tense and verbs is not a simple one. Tense does not merely indicate when an ac- tion took place, as evidenced in sentences such asMacarena could visit her sick friend in the morning. The verbvisitis not tensed in this sentence; instead, the tense marker is attached to the modal. But although the modal is in the past tense, the action is to occur in the future. Many students have a hard time grasp- ing this concept. Although modals are function words, they nevertheless have a semantic content. Canandmay,for example, do not mean the same thing. Canindicates ability, whereasmayindicates permission as well as a conditional future. With regard to requesting permission, popular usage has largely eliminatedmayand replaced it withcan. If a student wants permission to use the rest room, he or she invariably will ask,Can I use the rest roomrather thanMay I use the rest room. In a department store, clerks will ask,Can I help you,notMay I help you. Formal standard usage, however, continues to differentiate between these words, which makes helping students understand the difference a worthwhile goal. Becausemaycan signify two different meanings, it can lead to ambiguity. Consider the following sentences: 25. Fritz can play the piano. 26. Fritz may play the piano. Sentence 25 signifies Fritz’s ability to play; sentence 26 can be understood as giving Fritz permission to play, or it can be understood as a comment about Fritz’s playing the piano at some time in the future. The condition is uncertain. We easily can imagine this future conditional if we think of Fritz being at a party. Sentence 27 offers another example ofmayas a future conditional: 27. Buggsy may take a trip to Las Vegas next week. It is worth noting that the past tense form ofmayismight. These words differ in thatmightsignifies a more uncertain or doubtful future than doesmay. Thus, the likelihood of Buggsy taking a trip is more uncertain in sentence 28 than it is in sentence 27: 28. Buggsy might take a trip to Las Vegas next week. Like many other usage distinctions, this one seems to be disappearing. Even speakers and writers of formal Standard English rarely differentiate the two forms. However, anyone interested in using language as precisely as possible will, indeed, differentiate them. The difference betweenwillandshallis far more complicated, and it, too, has essentially disappeared in American usage. The traditional distinction maintains thatshallis used to indicate the simple future in the first person, as in I shall go to the movies. Shallcannot be used in the second and third persons, however, but instead must be replaced bywill,as inThey will end the strike soon. The use ofwillin the first person does not express simple future but in- stead signifies a promised action, as inI will give you the loan. The use ofshall in the second and third persons signifies a command, as inYou shall stop seeing that horrible woman immediately. Currently, there are only two instances of widespread use ofshallin American English, even among Standard speakers: in legal documents and in questions, as in Shall we go now?

Pedagogy free essay sample

By creating a supportive and warm classroom climate, the students will become more productive and effective in their learning. On the other hand, the students will be motivated which is closely linked to achievement. Students are very sensitive to classroom environment in which they are placed. So an appropriate classroom environment is essential for learning process to take place. As a result, the students’ achievement will increase as they will respond positively to the environment of the class and also to the teacher. It is important that students are able to create a sense of belonging and trust. Thus, the students will be encouraged to work cooperatively in order to learn. It is important for teacher to understand the characteristics of the students they teach. Through the appropriate classroom environment, students will explore and learn through their environment to achieve their high potential. This will enable them to know who things work, built relationships with others and become problem-solvers. We will write a custom essay sample on Pedagogy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, students need a stimulating environment for healthy growth and development, either cognitively, emotionally and physically. In order to provide an appropriate classroom environment for optimum learning, the class should be well organized and disciplined. In such environment, the students tend to work through specific goals through the guidance and supervision of their teacher and at the same, it prevent disruptive behaviours. Thus all the students will be concentrated in their learning. LAROSE SANTYNA Firstly, an effective teacher should love to teach. The single most important quality that every teacher should possess is love and passion for teaching young people. Unfortunately, there are teachers who do not love what they do. This single factor can destroy a teacher’s effectiveness quicker than anything else. Teachers who do not enjoy their job cannot possibly be effective day in day out. There are too many difficulties and if the teacher is not applying passion in what he does, he will lose credibility in front of his students at a certain time. Secondly, a teacher should be able to relate to his students by going out of their way to find ways to relate each of them. Common interest can be hard to find but good teachers will find a way to connect with the students even if they have to fake it. For example, if a student likes to sing, I can create activities including songs even if I am not interested in singing. Therefore, the student will think that I do and thus naturally create a connection. Thirdly, it is better to be more proactive rather than reactive. Intense planning and organization can ultimately make my job much easier. It is better to plan for solutions to problems that may arise rather than wait for the problems to arise and then try to address them. Being proactive does not replace being adaptive. No matter how well I plan to do my class, there will be surprises. However, being proactive can cut down on these surprises tremendously, thus making me more effective overall. The fourth quality, is that , an effective teacher demonstrates a caring attitude. Even if one loves one’s job, he or she can struggle in this area, not because he does not care but because he gets caught up so much that forgets that his students have a life outside the school. Good teachers know how to balance their relationship with their students without getting too far in t5he student’s life. Once a student believes that a teacher truly cares for him or her, then there is no limit to what the student can achieve. Fifthly, what makes teaching so exciting is that kids learn differently and me, as a teacher, I should find and utilize different strategies and differentiated learning to reach my students. What works for one student, will not work for every student. I must be willing to be creative and adaptive in my lessons to meet all my students’ needs. Next point is that, as a teacher I should be a good communicator either with my students and their parents and their social environment. As a good teacher, I must seek out professional development opportunities and try to apply something new to my class every year. For example, new technology and new educational tools as well as a variety of media. Also, I should be able to push my students harder than an average teacher and challenge them I think so as these are the teachers that I remember and want to thank because of how well they prepared us for life after my time with them and I would want the same for my students. Lastly, as a qualified teacher, I must understand the content that I teach and know how to explain it in a manner that my students understand. There are teachers who do not know the content well enough to teach it effectively. There are teachers who are truly experts on the content, but struggle to effectively explain it to their students. The highly effective teacher both understands the content and explains it well. b)Create the appropriate classroom climate. The importance of establishing an appropriate classroom environment which supports learning as follows: Classroom environment are extremely important for students and teachers also. Everything from the color of the walls to the arrangement of the desks se nds impressions to students and can affect the way a student learns. The emotional environment also affects the learning environment of my students and how well they receive instruction. As a good teacher, I should create a welcoming atmosphere where my students feel safe and willing to share. My classroom should represent the students equally and everyone should know each other. I can use humor in my classes to create a more positive environment. A good physical aspect of the class will encourage the students to learn and participate as students are willing to give their best when they feel at ease. I must ensure that every student has a respectful classroom environment where their contributions matters. Establishing a positive classroom environment where students are respectful of themselves and others will help reduce the risk of conflicts. The type of classroom environment that a teacher creates and encourages can either increase or decrease a student’s ability to learn and feel comfortable as a member of the class. My classroom environment should do as much to foster cooperation and acceptance as the teaching methods that I will use. Classrooms that encourage emotional well-being create an atmosphere for both learning and emotional development. I think that a warm classroom environment can lead to increased academic achievement and a sense of pride for the student himself, the teacher and the school. Classrooms are very public places. Everyone knows who does what and how well or how badly. According to Erickson, performing in school is a â€Å"risky business†, especially for students who do not do well. They have a number of ways of responding, including withdrawing, not trying, or becoming a class clown. All these issues point to the importance of developing a positive environment in learning, a climate in which children and adults feel secure and willing to engage in appropriate risk-taking and know that they will be supported in their efforts. ABDOOLROHOMUN SHAMSHAD Teachers touch the future. They play an important role in the education of our society. The success of this system lies in the abilities and skills of the teachers in managing all their pupils in a learning conducive environment. Pupils differ greatly one from the other in terms of needs, interests and abilities and teachers have to cope with all these so that teaching and learning takes place. According to me, a teacher must develop the following qualities and skills to maximise each pupil’s opportunities to learn: †¢ Knowledge of their subject matter I believe it is very important that a teacher understands his subject matter. There are cases where teachers are unable to answer their students. To be able to teach and explain the content, a teacher must understand it himself first. Also a teacher must continually build his teaching skills so as to find new ways to make teaching and learning more accessible. †¢ Passion/ Love for the job Teaching is no easy job. A teacher often has to face many difficulties. If he does not love his job, teaching may turn out to be a burden for him. In such cases, the teacher will not be giving the best of himself and pupils are likely to lose from this situation. A teacher should be passionate and enthusiastic about his job. This would reduce the boredom that usually arises and create a positive environment for pupils to enjoy learning. Even a simple concept can be made interesting with the help of energy and enthusiasm. †¢ Good planning Planning is the key to effective teaching. A teacher who plans ahead gives a direction to his teaching which results in efficient learning. Planning also implies that the teacher is more proactive; he anticipates problems and identifies possible solutions instead of waiting those to arise. Moreover, proper planning allows for better classroom management. Pupils are less likely to find themselves idle or bored when a teacher plans well his lesson. †¢ Think outside the box Pupils learn differently. A teacher must be able to think outside the box. He must find different strategies to reach every pupil. A teacher must be creative and flexible. A teacher should try his best to incorporate interesting exercises and techniques in making teaching a fun-filled activity that will help in developing interest and curiosity among pupils. The abilities and skills of a teacher as elaborated above are normally reflected in the practices he adopts in teaching. It is also vital for any teacher to create a positive classroom environment for his pupils, both from a physical and emotional perspective. The physical environment which relates mainly to desk arrangement, student placement and classroom structure should accommodate an inclusive learning milieu. If pupils are placed in areas that are best suited for their needs, they will be able to perform better. In addition, if the works prepared by the pupils are displayed in the classroom, this would help in developing a sense of belonging to the classroom and act a sign of appreciation for their hard work. This would help instill confidence in them and encourage them to progress. Furthermore, it is the teacher’s responsibility to value each and every one of the pupils so that each pupil feels special and important. Teachers should treat all questions from pupils seriously and should not intimidate or make fun of them as this would create a dent in their confidence. They should encourage pupils to think, ask questions and also make them participate in group activities so as to broaden their general knowledge. The pupils should also be granted intermittent breaks and interesting/stress busting activities in between the regular learning sessions to refresh themselves. Other strategies to make the pupils’ learning environment enjoyable include: †¢ Greeting students personally and making frequent eye contact †¢ Negotiating rules and routines with them Acknowledging positive behaviours †¢ Using positive language †¢ Using humour †¢ Interacting with them outside the classroom A good grasp of the above presented facts and ideas w ould definitely ease the teaching process and ensure that pupils evolve in a well organized and comfortable environment, which at the same time promotes learning ability. Appendix A Step by step Workings Step by step Workings Appendix B (Worksheet to be filled by group leaders) |MATERIALS |OBSERVATION | | |WHAT CAN YOU SEE? |SALT | | |COFFEE | | |SAND | | |MILK | | |ROCKSAND | | (Worksheet for summative evaluation) Put a tick for materials which is soluble or insoluble MATERIALS |SOLUBLE |INSOLUBLE | |SALT | | | |COFFEE | | | |SAND | | | |MILK | | | |ROCKSAND | | | References †¢ http://www. learner. rg/workshops/socialstudies/pdf/session5/5. MappingARoute. pdf †¢ http://www. govwentworth. k12. nh. us/schoolfolders/krhs/PD%20Resources/Resources/10%20tips%20on%20differentiated%20instruction. pdf †¢ http://www. learnalberta. ca/content/kes/pdf/or_ws_tea_elem_02_diffinst. pdf †¢ http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/12841_Gregory_Chapter_1. pdf †¢ Cooperative Learni ng Methods: A Meta-Analysis by David W. Johnson, Roger T. Johnson, and Mary Beth Stanne (PDF) †¢ Synthesis of Research on Cooperative Learning – Robert E Salvin (PDF) †¢ Cooperative Learning Structures Can Increase Student Achievement – article by Jeanie M. Dotson [online] : Available at http://www. kaganonline. om/free_articles/research_and_rationale/increase_achievement. php (accessed on 09th November 2012) †¢ Cooperative Learning Lesson Planning articles [online] : Available at http://www. kaganonline. com/catalog/BKCL_Chapter_1/lesson_plannning. php (accessed on 09th November 2012) †¢ http://www. iaie. org/download/turin_paper_bleszynska. pdf †¢ www. iaie. org/download/turin_paper_bleszynska. pdf †¢ http://www. dur. ac. uk/resources/tel/TR-TEL-08-01. pdf †¢ http://www2. lse. ac. uk/europeanInstitute/research/hellenicObservatory/pdf/4th_%20Symposium/ †¢ PAPERS_PPS/EDUCATION_SOCIAL%20EXCLUSION/VALIANDE. pdf †¢ https://web . utk. edu/~cdavis80/EP521/readings/Sork%20Planning%20Educational%20Programs. pdf - Step 2: Children start rolling the clay to give it the shape of a ball Step 1: Children take a piece of modelling clay. Step 5 6 : Children paint the whole â€Å"planet† Step 4: When children have finished modelling the ball. They will have to paint the â€Å"planet† according to its respective colour They will have to paint the â€Å"planet† according to its respective colour Step 3: Children model a small ball representing their respective planet Step 7 8: Children are then asked to fill the description card. Step 9: When the children have complete the description card, they will Have to stick their respective planet on the bottom of the card

Private Limited Company Essays

Private Limited Company Essays Private Limited Company Paper Private Limited Company Paper Being a sole trader is the easiest and most common form of business to set up. If Donald Powell decided to operate as a sole trader, he would be the owner and manager of his own business. Being a sole trader has its advantages and disadvantages.  If Donald Powell were to become a sole trader, he would receive all of the profits his business has generated. Donald Powell, as a sole trader, would also be able to make all of the decisions in his business.  Privacy is also an advantage for Mr Powell as all business affairs would remain private.  As a sole trader, Donald Powell can quickly change trade if his previous one proves to be unsuccessful. This can happen overnight.  However, there are also some disadvantages to being a sole trader. Unlimited liability is one of them. Ultimate responsibility for any debts will lie solely with Donald Powell. This would have to be repaid by his wealth or personal possessions. Since it is very unlikely that any single individual will posses all the required qualifications and business acumen to a run a successful enterprise, Donald Powell may find it impossible to compete with traders employing people specialising in different aspects of the trade.  As a sole trader, Donald Powell may find the responsibility of owning, managing and working the business a heavy burden.  Working hours may also be a disadvantage as Donald Powell would be likely to have to work long hours. If Donald Powell was to become sick or was to die, the business may collapse.  The last disadvantage would be lack of growth. It would be difficult for Donald Powells business to grow, as the money invested in the business (capital) is likely to be very limited.  If Donald Powell was to operate as a sole trader, he would experience a lot of advantages such as receiving all of the profit, making all of the decisions e.t.c. He also has a lot of serious disadvantages such as not being able to advertise his shares, lacking business skills e.t.c. E.g. If Donald Powell lacked necessary business skills, he would find it very difficult to cope and be successful. This is why I have come to the conclusion that this type of business is unsuitable for Mr Powell. Forming a partnership with at least one person and a maximum of twenty can lessen some disadvantages experienced by a sole trader (Donald Powell). This is a popular type of business. This type of company has many advantages and disadvantages.  Each partner will invest capital into the business and this will increase Donald Powells business financial resource.  Partnerships can take advantages of larger scale businesses opportunities. This is a good advantage for Donald Powell  The responsibilities of the business would be shared between all of the owners known as partners. This would take a little weight off Mr Powells shoulders. In a partnership, business affairs would remain private between the partners. This could increase Donald Powells business awareness as well.  With several partners working within the business, each one can specialise in what they are best at e.g. accountancy e.t.c (Speacialition increases productivity) This could be very useful for Mr Powell as he may lack some business skills. Therefore, he can do what he is best at.  There are four main disadvantages to being in a partnership. The first one is unlimited liability. All partners are equally liable for any debts the business builds up. Therefore, Donald Powell can lose all of his personal wealth and possessions to repay debts. With shared decision-making, there is always a likelihood of Donald Powell or any of the other partners disagreeing to someones decision. However, this can be solved with a legal document called a Deed of Partnership. This outlines how decisions should be made, profits shared e.t.c  As the number of partners is limited, so is the capital. This can hinder the business growth. This is a disadvantage for Donald Powell. I think operating in a partnership would be quite a good choice of business for Mr Powell as it has many advantages such as specialisation, more capital e.t.c However, there are also a few disadvantages such as disagreements, unlimited liability e.t.c And although it seems that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, I still think this is not the most suitable type of business for the needs of Donald Powell. If Donald Powell decided to operate as a plc, (public limited company), he would be the owner and manager of his business perhaps along with a few other people. Being an owner of a plc has its advantages and disadvantages.  The liability of the owners such as Donald Powell to pay the debts of the company is limited only to the money invested in shares. This would encourage share ownership, as Donald Powells personal wealth is kept secure, should the company fail. Shares can be advertised and sold through the stock exchange. The shares can be sold to any member of the public. This can allow Donald Powell to raise a vast amount of capital.  If Donald Powell made a mistake which proved to be very serious, his business would be sued, not Donald Powell himself.  As Donald Powells business becomes larger, there will be a lot more scope for specialisation. Specialist in different jobs could be employed. Employees will concentrate on only a few tasks they are good at. Not only will this allow Donald Powells business to run things much more efficiently, but also Mr Powell will not need to worry whether he lacks certain business skills. (Specialisation increases output). As Donald Powell will be running a larger business, banks will be more willing to lend larger business loans, as he will be likely to repay them on time. Loans with a lower rate of interest may be obtained. As Donald Powells business will be a lot larger, he will be more likely to buy things in bulk. Hence, the unit cost of production will fall. (Get cheaper).  Any owner that purchases more than 50% of the companys shares can be said to have taken over the business. This can happen anytime if shareholders (such as Donald Powell) are willing to sell their shares. E.g. BMW mounted a successful take over of Rover. Large businesses can be difficult for Donald Powell to control and manage leading to inefficiencies e.g. managers wasting money and leading to disagreements and industrial action. This can lead to rising unit costs in production known as diseconomies of scale.  Donald Powells interests e.g. growth, market share may differ from shareholders interests e.g. profit leading to higher dividends  The setting of a PLC is time consuming and costly.

Elements in financial services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Elements in financial services - Essay Example economy? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 How do these policy-induced changes in real interest rates †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 affect the financial institutions and the economy? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 The inflation and the monetary policy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Effect of interest rate to long term investment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Government Spending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Where does the federal government get all the funding to support these expenditures? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Monetary Policy in the Financial Crisis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Work Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 I have chosen to discuss the U.S. monetary policy as it has wide effect to the economy that transcends to other countries. First, I will show the structure of the US monetary policy, its goals and tools. Second part, I will discuss how it affects the U.S. economy, particularly, the financial

Existentialism in European Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Existentialism in European Art - Essay Example This art is still relevant today for all practical purposes and will be demonstrated as such. Europe had been left ravaged by Hitler and the Nazis. There was a great deal of despair in the region over the fact that for six years (1939-1945), basically Europe had been Hitler's stomping grounds. In 1938, Austria fell; in 1939, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia; also in 1939, Poland fell; Belgium, France, and the Netherlands surrendered in 1940; and Luxembourg fell in 1940 and was annexed to Germany.1 Then, also in 1940, Denmark and Norway were invaded, and Romania surrendered to Germany; Germany entered the Soviet Union in 1941 and lost; and then Yugoslavia, Greece, and Estonia all surrendered to Germany in 1941.2 By the end of the war, the U.S.S.R. (the United Soviet Socialist Republic) controlled a majority of Europe. In most countries, the U.S.S.R. put communist factions in control. Also, a few Baltic nations were annexed to the U.S.S.R. Germany was required to make reparations to several countries, notwithstanding. Much of these accoutrements had to be made in order to pacify the Allies' thirst for power in a declining German economy. In many ways, this was payback for the Nazism that had ravaged Europe. Germany was reduced to being in a bad situation financially, about where it had been before the start of World War II economically. At the end of World War II, people were ... Also, a few Baltic nations were annexed to the U.S.S.R. Germany was perhaps affected in the worst way in some senses of the word. There was an economic depression of sorts, and the country had to be entirely rid of Nazi policy and symbolism. Several German and Polish people were banished from their countries of origin due to the way Europe was divided based on post-war treaties. Germany was required to make reparations to several countries, notwithstanding. Much of these accoutrements had to be made in order to pacify the Allies' thirst for power in a declining German economy. In many ways, this was payback for the Nazism that had ravaged Europe. Germany was reduced to being in a bad situation financially, about where it had been before the start of World War II economically. At the end of World War II, people were seeking answers about existence and selfhood. After having lived through the concentration camps and the occupations, Europe was ready for a paradigm shift in the way people connected to one another (themselves) as well as other people. People were seeking more out of life. They wanted to know answers to the questions "Who am I" and "Why am I here" Post-World War II, many people were left wondering what to do with themselves. Now that they were free, people had the time on their hands to finally navel-gaze and be disaffected observers. For now, they were not the ones being interrogated. It was their turn to interrogate others and ask of life all of the questions that filled their souls with longing. People were struggling not to be bored (when they weren't in dire need of worrying about surviving, of course). And, surviving was an entirely different topic altogether that needed to be addressed. Many survivors of World War II

Analysis of Physician Views Towards End-of-Life Care

Analysis of Physician Views Towards End-of-Life Care Introduction: It has been estimated that more than 15 million people will suffer cancer worldwide by 2020(1). According to the report by Ministry of Health, over 30000 people die because of cancer annually and about 70000 new cases occur every year(2). Therefore cancer is the third most common cause of death in Iran following coronary heart disease and accidents (3, 4). There are considerable evidences that most of patients who encounter a life-threatening condition such as cancer are growing rapidly in Iran in the last few decades (1, 5, 6). Unfortunately, most of these patients are diagnosed in the late stages of disease, therefore they reach a stage that surgery, chemotherapy and other curative interventions are unable to improve their quality of life. They often suffer severe distress, in physical, psychological, spiritual, social and financial dimensions (7)Hence, the relief from such a suffering is considered as a basic and universal human right (8) and a basic action in achieving Universal Health Coverage(UHC) which has been introduced by World Health Organization in recent years (9). Universal health coverage is defined as access to key promotive, preventive, curative , rehabilitative, and palliative care for all at an affordable cost(8). Palliative or hospice care is an interdisciplinary, comprehensive, patient-centered approach in response to these needs. In other word hospice is a model for end-of-life care based on a team approach to control symptoms, manage pain, and provide emotional and spiritual support for terminally ill patients and their families (10). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), palliative care is ‘an approach to improve the quality of life of for threatening illness situations (11). The hospice care is not to cure disease but alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life at the end of life are the main objectives. Furthermore the mission of hospice care is to enable the end of life patients to die at home, with their beloved people around them (12). Despite the fact that cancer is a leading cause of mortality with rapidly growing rate and late stage diagnoses in Iran, very little is known about the physicians’ beliefs, attitudes and experiences about of end-of-life care. This study surveyed Iranian physicians’ attitudes and practices on end-of-life care for the first time. Materials Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all doctors who participated in the biggest regional annually conducted educational seminar in the Tabriz city and end of year medical students in September 2012. This Physicians came from East-Azerbaijan and some provinces in north-east of Iran. Generally seminar is conducted annually and consists of clinician-specialists in different specialty groups. The seminar presented the opportunity to obtain current information on End of life care training, knowledge and attitudes, demographic and organizational characteristics, and personal experience with end of life patients. The population consisted of 560 medical students, general physicians, specialist and sub-specialists. The sample size was determined based on the WHO recommendation on 400 sample and results of a pilot study consisting of 30 physicians which resulted in an Odds Ratio of 1.8. Considering 95% confidence and 95% power, two tailed test, and utilizing G-Power software, 161 cases were computed and regarding a dropout rate of 45% the total sample size increased to at least 234 cases. Data were collected using a voluntary self-administered, anonymous questionnaire that originally developed by John Mastrojohn and Agnes Csikos in 2010 (13) and we confirmed and retained its validity and reliability after translation to Farsi in this survey. A translation – back translation process was used to translate the measure; two English language specialists and two native English speaking persons respectively involved in the translation and back translation processes. In addition to apply the translated questionnaire in the study population on 15 persons, a linguistic edit of the measure was done. The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated based on opinions of an expert panel consisted of eight specialists in the fields of Health service research. After conducting some modifications and corrections the content validity was approved. In addition, we assessed the reliability of questionnaire totally using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The Cronbach†™s Alpha values were calculated for all 22 items (0.92.) and showed reasonable reliability (internal consistency). Questionnaires were distributed prior to the sessions and internship workshops. A total of 38.3% (215 of 560) of participants completed the survey. Participation was voluntary and no incentives were offered. Completion of the anonymous questionnaire was taken as consent to participate in the study. Questionnaire includes a letter explaining its general purpose and providing assurances of the confidentiality of individual answers. Questionnaire contains 22 questions about care of terminally ill patients, 2 questions about personal (age and sex) and 5 questions in relation to organizational characteristics. All returned questionnaires were checked manually for completeness before they were forwarded to electronic data computer. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to compare results and Cross-tabulations using Kendall’s tau-b to test for significance were conducted to compare within-sample bivariate associations between demographic and practice variables with belief and attitudinal variables. Most of these tests were not statistically significant, with the exception of those reported here. All study data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Only quantitative results are discussed in this article. Ethical consideration for this study and the study protocol were approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), which was in compliance with Helsinki Declaration. Results: In this study, 215 questionnaires were completed from 560 (overall response rate of 38.3%). Of all participants, 60% were males. In terms of their graduated universities, (76.2%) of the respondents were graduated students of Tabriz medical university. Every physician had visited 24.63 (16.57) patients every day and the average length of service was 5.23 (4.53) years. The physicians identified their degrees as 60.7% generalist and 39.3% specialist. Socio-demographic and organizational characteristics of participations are shown in table 1. According to the table 1 more than eighty percent of physicians have had at last 1-3 EOL patients. It is considerable that 72% of mentioned patients received medical care in the hospital, 23% at home and 4.7% in other settings. Further investigation did not show any statically significant differences between gender groups, specialty or generalists in the number of their daily visiting patients, however differences about their terminal illness patients were statically meaningful (p Physicians’ believes about the most appropriate type of care for end of life patients illustrated in Table2 The responses of physicians about opinion on current cares for end of life patients in our country were as following: 1.9 percent indicated the best, 15.8 percent sufficient with deficiencies, 59.5 percent insufficient, and finally 22.8 percent there is not any care. In other words nearly all of the physicians evaluated these services as insufficient. Furthermore their response to :In your opinion, the best setting for care of terminally ill patients is usually approximately were:20 percent hospital, 62 percent the patients home, 18 percent a nursing home, that obviously is in contrast with their practices that indicate more than 72.4 percent of end of life patients were cared in hospital. Furthermore the differences among two groups of physicians about Best Setting for care of terminally ill patients were statically significant (p Physicians beliefs about the ability of end of life patients to maintain dignity until death showed in the Table 3: Further investigation about mentioned differences in last table didn’t show any significant relationship among specialty, age, gender, work place and graduating groups of physicians. Nearly one percent of physicians stated that they were quite knowledgeable about hospice care and 57.1 percent did not posses any familiarity with this type of care. In other way, 97.2 percent of physicians indicated that they would not participate in educational course about hospice care. Hence 82.2 percent of them were interested in participating in educational course on hospice care. Table 4 shows familiarity of physicians with hospice care and their interest in participating in educational course. Table 4: physicians’ familiarity, behavioral with hospice care and educational course Investigation on significant relationship between physicians’ knowledge about hospice and demographic characteristics were meaningful only in Age groups, where differences in physicians on searching workshop in different groups were significant only in work place (p=0.025). DISCUSSION: There are numbers of important implications of this study. First, the study demonstrates that familiarity of Iranian physicians with end of life cares was low in spite of frequent contact with those patients. Second, there isnt any kind of structured or organized system to deliver services for end of life patients. Third, there isnt any developed educational plan neither in medical school curriculums nor continuity medical education programs. In this study the participation rate was 38.3% which was lower than that of similar studies in Hungary (54%) , United States (48%) and Pakistan (63.6%)(13, 14). This differences could be attributed to methods of sampling and low level of Iranian physicians’ knowledge about end of life cares . Most of the Iranian physicians (72%) in the current study claim that they didnt have any knowledge about hospice care, which is similar to Pakistani doctors (57.1%) who stated that they had heard about a hospice (14). In contrast to the most of U.S. physicians who were quite knowledgeable most of the Hungarian physicians had only a basic knowledge (13). However there is a high level of interest in the physicians of U.S., Hungary, Iran (82%), and Pakistan to participate in continuing medical education to learn more about hospice care. These findings are consistent with previous studies that indicate physicians’ common interest in continuing medical education for end-of-life care(7, 13-17). In this study 72% of EOL patients received medical care in the hospital and 23% at home, whereas other studies are focusing to physicians’ awareness of patients’ preferred place for dyeing(18, 19). However 27% of Iranian physicians mentioned that the preferred place of providing terminal care is hospital, the reasons for this obvious conflict are related to lack of delivering any end of life care in health system in hospital or home. Furthermore 82% of physicians demonstrated that level of present end of life care in Iran is insufficient and 22% believed that there is not any structured service for end of life patients. This finding is in accordance with other study results and reports, thereforeIran was categorized in second group on Palliative Care Development in the world (20). Iranian physicians believed that combination of curative and palliative care is most appropriate approach for terminally ill patients (61.7%) which matches with U.S. physicians and contrasts with most of Hungarian physicians that supported a palliative care only approach for terminally ill patients (13). This may be attributed to the current practice of aggressive curative treatment until the last day s of life in Iran and Hungary. Iranian Physicians’ beliefs about the ability of End of life patient to maintain personal dignity were differed from those of other countries(13, 19) especially for this opinion Most or all end of life patients are not able to maintain personal dignity it was 18% in our study but in the mentioned countries it was 9% and 5 %. These differences could be attributed to difference of social contexts and family structures in these three countries. Most of the Iranian physicians in the current study claim that they would not participate in educational course about hospice care neither would they do in collage curriculums nor in continuity medical education programs. These results are in contrast to most of the U.S. and Hungarian physicians (13) but are in accordance with previous studies on Iranian nurses (8). Intense interest of Iranian physicians to participate in continuing medical education for end-of-life care is clear evidence for this finding. Conclusions: A growing trend of chronic, non-communicable diseases especially cancers in Iran, has led to new condition of needs for providing care to EOL patients. Furthermore our findings clearly indicate unacceptable level of knowledge and attitudes of physicians about delivering services for EOL patients. Physicians of our study were interested in participating in continuing education programs about EOL patient. In response to these realities, designing the specific care for EOL patients, is inevitable and should be starting as soon as possible. Furthermore the education of physicians about EOL care should be included in the formal curriculums of medical schools and continuous medical education programs.

Key Skill Essay

Ensure your work is accurate and clear and is saved appropriately  You need to have achieved Key Skills 9 and 10. In addition your teacher needs to have verified that the work is both accurate and clear. This means they need to have supplied a written statement saying that the work is accurate. They cannot do this is there are any mistakes so check the work clearly. Advantages and Disadvantages of using ICT for this task  Demonstrate knowledge of how IT can help you in your work and be able to compare your use of IT with other methods  You need to write about how IT helped you to produce your presentation. This might include spell-check making sure that the words were spelt correctly, or the use of cut and paste to move objects around the page to try out different layouts.  The second part of this Key Skill needs you to write about how else you might have done this presentation. You need to compare creating computer generated presentation with another method – maybe using a pen and pencil. The advantages and disadvantages of using IT  You need to list at least two advantages and two disadvantage of using IT to write the story. Example You might have used a pen and paper. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a pen and paper to write the story against using a computer?  You must make sure that you have covered both the advantages and the disadvantages. Example  Disadvantages might include cost of hardware software and peripherals or time spent learning how to use the programs needed to search, find and use information  The Importance of Copyright and Confidentiality  When it is necessary to observe copyright or confidentiality  You need to write a few lines about copyright – what it is and how it affects you and the pictures you have found on the internet and CD/Clipart. You can present screen shots from the site showing copyright information or copies of emails sent and receiving permission to use graphics, text and photographs You can write about confidentiality – what it is and how it does/does not affect you. You could refer to the lack of personal information and the fact that the Data Protection Act (1998) does not affect you.  Example  You have not used pictures of yourself or other young people which could identify them  Error Handling and Virus Protection  How to identify errors and their causes You will need to show, using screenshots, of errors and how to solve them. This can show the use of the office assistant, or searching for a web page that returns a not known error. It could be a picture of the spell check – identifying a spelling error. How to minimise risks from viruses  You will need to provide a description of how to avoid getting viruses from floppy disks or from Internet downloads, including the purpose and use of virus checkers and how they prevent and remove a virus.  A couple of paragraphs are all that is required. Health and Safety Matters Work safely and take care of equipment, avoid losing information and know how to get help when dealing with errors  You will need to write a paragraph about:  Taking care of equipment e.g. storage of disks:  You must not put your disks near a magnet as this will delete the content, not throwing them around  Avoiding loss of information e.g. use of AutoSave or backup. Saving information onto disks as well as the account at school  Obtaining help e.g. on-line help, telephone support or teacher assistance.   I could not work out how to adjust the margins so I used the online help (screenshots here†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦)  You need to show (through screenshots) that you have backed up your files. How to work safely and minimise health risks  You need to write a short paragraph about two health and two safety risks involved in using computers.  You may write about the use of anti-glare screens and taking a break from using the computer to rest your eyes or wrists. You may write about repetitive strain injuries from not having the correct keyboard and backache from not having the correct chair. Think about the rules in your computer room – not drinking in a computer room, trailing cables or bags in the aisle.

Overfishing the World Big Fish Population

Over Fishing the World Big Fish Population Insert your Name Here SCI275 Axia College of University of Phoenix The overfishing of our world’s oceans is causing a depletion of some prize fish, such as tuna and swordfish, to the point that some scientists believe that 90% of these big fish populations have been fished out. Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography published a study in 2001 in which he asserts that overfishing is more destructive than toxic pollution or degrading water quality (University of Phoenix,  2007). Dr. Daniel Pauly, Professor and Director of the University of British Columbia's Fisheries Centre, describes it as follow on The Overfishing. org   (2007) website: â€Å"The big fish, the bill fish, the groupers, the big things will be gone. It is happening now. If things go unchecked, we’ll have a sea full of little horrible things that nobody wants to eat. We might end up with a marine junkyard dominated by plankton† (Fishing down the food web,  para. 1). Among the scientific community there is little argument on how to resolve this issue. Research has found that the situation is reversible if addressed now, but states that it will require a change in attitude in how we are using the oceans (University of Phoenix,  2007). To address this issue now, so that we may sustain the world’s big fish population for future generations, we must create a plan of action that includes the following steps (Young Peoples Trust for the Environment,  n.. d. ). Begin with quotas on fish. We can base this quota on scientific estimates of which fish are the most severely depleted, and adjustments can be made to the quotas according to reassessments done every few years as we monitor the repletion of the fish populations. †¢ Larger nets must also be used. As the big fish population has declined, mesh size has gotten smaller. We must increase this back to the original mesh size used perhaps 40 years ago, to allow the smaller fish to escape a nd continue to grow and breed. International agreements to protect important habitats, such as spawning and nursing grounds of these endangered big fish. †¢ Create a system that monitors the catch being brought in by fisheries, and independent fishermen, worldwide. Perhaps assessing severe fines for those caught exceeding the quotas placed on the endangered fish, or fishing in controlled waters, so that the penalty would exceed the expected gain. Educate fishermen on the fact that by following this plan, they are not losing their income but, in fact, helping to preserve their livelihood Most commercial fishermen, such as Pete DuPruis, who owns and operates his own fishing vessel on the Pacific Ocean, will see this as a challenge to their ability to earn a living. DuPruis and his fellow fishermen must be educated to realize that by following the guidelines, we will ensure their livelihood for many years, and the industry for future generations of commercial fishermen. A presentation should be made mandatory, as part of renewing the commercial fishing license, showing the declining numbers in the big fish groups, and how by following these guidelines, we can sustain their industry and the fish population both. Once made to understand that only through these efforts can the world continue to rely on the ocean’s population as a source of food, and that all fishermen worldwide will be held to the same standards, the fishermen should go along with the management plan, even if not happy about it. On the other side of the issue, environmentalists should be happy to help implement and provide data for this initiative to restock the world’s big fish population. By putting this plan into practice, we will also resolve the other problems created by over fishing, as it effects not only the depleted fish population, but also the animals for which those fish are food of choice. Whales are turning to sea otters for food, rather than the sea lions and eals on which they normally feed, as those populations also decline. Over fishing has also caused the use, as stated earlier, of smaller mesh nets, increasing the amount of by catch that is caught in the nets. By catch is the seabirds, dolphins, sea turtles, and even whales that are also caught in the net as they drag it in, and are usually dumped back into the ocean, dead or dying. A drastic reduction in the amount of by catch will subsequently occur with the reinstating of the larger mesh nets. The management plan may cause fishermen to have to look into a second source of income for the first five to ten years, as the most severe restrictions are put into place, giving the fish populations can breed and repopulate, and a reassessment to be done by the scientific community charged with monitoring the big fish groups. Governments might be forced to subsidize the industry for this initial period, to help prevent illegal poaching by some fishermen who saw poaching as their only economic alternative. Consumers would have to reduce their use of fish, and would have to pay more for the fish they did purchase at the market during this period of regeneration, but the result should be the reduction of prices after the fish populations have been restored. The encouraging news is that, by employing this simple plan for the restoration and future sustainment of our ocean’s big fish populations, we will be able to enjoy them as a food source for the foreseeable future. Referecences Overfishing. org. (2007). Overfishing – a global disaster. Retrieved November 07,2009 from http://overfishing. org/pages/why_is_overfishing_a_problem. php University of Phoenix. (2007). Declining fish stock vlr. Retrieved November 07,2009 from University of Phoenix, SCI275 – Environmental Science website at https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/axia/sci275/multimedia/video/declinining_fish_stock. htm Young Peoples Trust for the Environment. (n.. d. ). Over fishing. Retrieved November 08,2009 from http://www. ypte. org. uk/environmental/over-fishing/29

The Dangers Of American Food Production - 1152 Words

The Unknown Dangers in American Food Production It is the middle of summer vacation and you are working your way through your AP Language summer reading book, The Jungle. You recoil in your chair as you find out what â€Å"head cheese† is really made of and read all about the ingredients that fall into Durham’s Pure Leaf Lard. You quickly reassure yourself that you live in the twenty-first century. Ever since the formation of agencies such as the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) as well as the creation of the Food and Drug Act, there is no way that corporations can get away with making the inhumane food products found in Upton Sinclair’s novel...or are there? Over the years food†¦show more content†¦The cows would roam freely on the hillside and chickens look for food around the red, wooden barn. If you step back into the present you may realize that most farms today are very different than that of the past or what we would see in a painting. A ccording to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) there are more than 20,000 factory farms nationwide. This is a 30 percent increase from 2003. These farms are industrial-scale facilities where animals are treated as a product rather than a living creature. Thousands of animals are kept in these factories resulting in disease and contamination. In the widely acclaimed documentary Food Inc., directed by Robert Kenner, Carole Morison declared that â€Å"This isn’t farming. This is just mass production like an assembly line in a factory.† In fact there are so many animals that workers cannot even process the 1.3 billion tons of waste that is produced annually. To solve this problem, waste is piled into large open pools and sprayed onto the land resulting in health problems for not only the workers but the people who live nearby. Rivers, streams and groundwater may also get polluted from this process. In The Jungle, Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkus describes the horrid working conditions of the 1900s to be filled with â€Å"...rivers of hot blood, and carloads of moist flesh, and rendering vats and soap caldrons, glue factories and fertilizer tanks,